Digital Transformation, Industry 4.0 and Technologies
Digital Transformation
Digital transformation could mean different things to different people depending on their context of work and current level of adoption of digital tools. Essentially, it is use of techniques, methodologies and technologies, categorized as digital in nature, that help companies transform their manufacturing, production, business and industrial processes, operations and services - to derive significantly enhanced outcomes for the company, its employees and its customers. Like some experts have already noted, it is the way a company thinks about the future; either to disrupt or survive or make a big impact – by not just changing or tweaking a process(s) here or an activity(s) there, but to think big, innovate and be creative to take a step jump and realize transformational business outcomes. Usually, thestep jump is split into a set of logical and sequential mini steps or initiatives for easier execution and tracking.
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Conceptually, there are two ways one can think of bringing about a change or transformation:
Digitization and Digitalization. Digitization can be thought of as converting manual data collection (or none that exists) to an easier and simpler use of digital tools to gather the data. It could be in the form of a spreadsheet, manual input to an application, instrumentation or automation of tasks and activities. Digitization helps to preserve, share and act upon the data at any point in time. Data is then acted upon in various ways viz, processed, analyzed, and corelated with others to elicit information, gather insights, drive actions and help make better or “data” driven decisions. While digitization is applicable to a set of activities at the lower rungs of work hierarchy, the same when applied in a larger or bigger context to a process or procedure involving multiple changes becomes a digitalization example. And using digitalization you aim to achieve one or more business outcomes like increased production, increased process efficiency, reduced costs, reduced manpower, improved workforce productivity, enhanced and simplified user experience, new revenue opportunities, and the list goes on…
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From a lifecycle standpoint, digital transformation is just like any other evolving concept or a niche initiative that goes through some standard phases of maturity cycle including discovery/problem statement, definition, evaluation (fit for need), implementation, learnings and feedback, and continuous improvement.
It is very important for a digital transformation initiative in whatever form and scale it is envisaged, to identify the key players in the organization, agree on the need for a transformation, get the financial approvals and other stakeholder buy-in before proceeding with the actual implementation. A crucial part of this exercise is also to look at available resources and expertise both within and outside the organization (IT, subject matter experts and external consultants) who will from the core team and drive the program to a successful completion.
In terms of industries affected that can gain from a digital transformation initiative, there is probably none that will not accrue benefits. There is something in it for everyone depending on how you plan and execute on the key company strategic initiatives. Nonetheless, some of the major industry verticals that are adopting the slew of newer technologies and embarking on a digital transformation journey include manufacturing (both discrete and process), Oil & Gas, Power, Utilities, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals, MMM (Metals, Mining & Materials), BFSI (Banking, Finance and Insurance) and others.
Use cases and benefits of IoT
Manufacturing, Transportation and Retail are the industries that have maximum penetration of current day digital technologies and tools; especially IIoT and Analytics as per many global studies. Some common IoT use cases are –
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Data aggregation across plants and enterprise to build a single source of truth platform. Avoids data silos and conflicts.
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Common visualization platform across enterprise – anytime, anywhere visibility to health of assets, equipment, process, production and son on.
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Knowledge Management and Retention -Sharing of best practices across the
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enterprise to improve productivity. Capture and use in-house knowledge to build custom KPIs - to avoid problems around skilled workforce depletion.
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Improved data gathering and decision making Digitize manual process to collect data from additional sources resulting in better insights and decision making.
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Continuous and real-time visibility to events, status, and reports. Complete set of persona-based dashboards and KPIs using analytics for increased efficiency of operations.
Industry 4.0
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While digital transformation is applicable for a broader spectrum of industries and functions, Industry 4.0 began and evolved as an initiative specifically targeted for manufacturing. It has some background in the ISA 95 standard in terms of use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to improve the entire manufacturing process and operations. The implementation of Industry 4.0 practices is best done if looked at from a maturity model perspective and execute in phases starting with Connectivity – the fundamental backbone for any (IoT) digitalization program or Industry 4.0 implementation. You can also treat Industry 4.0 similar to ISO or any other standard containing multiple levels of execution helping derive sequentially more enhanced outcomes.
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Technology
There are many technologies that are being used or implemented depending on the specific use case or application. It starts with evaluating the fit for purpose and choosing the best or a combination thereof - that will help meet the goals and address the challenges. The list keeps
evolving;, but to name a few that are being considered and implemented – Cloud technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Data Analytics, machine related analytics like descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive, Anomaly detection, Early Warning System (EWS), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Software defined Networking, 5G etc. These technologies must be seen in the context of new or existing systems and applications including Enterprise Asset Management (EAM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Business Intelligence (BI) tools, Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), Database, Data Historian, Data Lake, Condition Monitoring System (CMS), Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS), Asset
Performance Monitoring (APM), Field Service Management (FSM), Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) and many more.
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More often than not, you will need to prepare a roadmap or a blueprint that charts out the course of actions to be undertaken to bring about the transformation. And make sure to do a thorough Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) study and document/quantify the Return on Investment (ROI).
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Internet of Things (IoT)
Among the numerous evolving digital technologies that are on the rise, IoT has been one of the prominent ones to get embraced and adopted. In a way, IoT has been in existence for many decades now; a simple example in our daily life is the usage of mobile phones and its services (B2C) which has connectivity across the globe. But its spread of use across industries has been notable in the recent past. IoT, when applied in B2B applications has come to be known as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) which is gaining significant traction.
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IoT is all about connecting things – devices, people, process. The purpose of connecting all of them together is to enable communication between them, collect and gather data from various sources; collate, store, analyze and process them at one place (at least) in order to get newer insights which otherwise would have not been possible. Some important factors while enabling the connectivity and data transfer is to think about the various communication and application protocols, security, latency, performance, throughput etc. While trying to integrate a diverse set of devices, applications and such, interoperability can pose a big challenge.
A good amount of time also needs to be spent on assessing the readiness and preparing toexecute a digital transformation project. There is a whole set of guidelines available to ensure the success of a project. You might use your own internal checklist or enlist the services of an expert/consultant as necessary to drive the full implementation.
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Manufacturing specific use cases
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Smart Production: Optimize process and help improve production time, and reducecost. Increase production efficiency and capacity.
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Maintenance Optimization: Better visualization and management of quality issues of the assets, equipment and related work orders - by integrating with EAM/ ERP systems (E.g. SAP)
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Supply chain management – Track and trace inventory on a global scale and estimates of available resources to reduce costs and improve resource utilization. This also helps inProduction Planning.​
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Asset Health Monitoring – condition monitoring of all types of assets including critical ones. This helps in condition-based maintenance instead of preventive or time-based maintenance. Predictive maintenance and Prescriptive guidance based on anomaly detection, statistical modelling and advanced AI/ML based analytics can be a future step. Overall, this helps manage equipment downtime and maintenance costs.
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Effective production planning and Scheduling by leveraging data lake and lookingat the cross section of operational, environment, master data and EHS data.
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OEE – calculating and monitoring overall equipment effectiveness based on quality, performance and availability
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Equipment Reliability - calculate MTBF and MTTR and other reliability metrics.
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(%) Equipment Utilization
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Asset Strategy: Risk based inspection and management of asset lifecycle
Conclusion
This article tries to give some insights to Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 in general, and IoT in particular and compile the relevant information in one place in order to kick start the initiative. This, in any way, must not be considered an exhaustive or authoritative view of the complete intricacies of embarking on a transformational journey, but only as a pointer in the right direction. Benefits of the technology vary across industry depending on many factors, but not limited to, including company’s digital strategy, business model, its long-term roadmap and challenges, level of digital maturity, and competition to name a few.
Girish Aralikatti
Central Director
Steinbeis Centre for Digital Transformation and Cyber Security
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Phone : +91 98676 13415
Email : girish@steinbeisindia.com